Chemistry

Work through the topics in order, or jump to the one you need.

  1. Separation Techniques & States of Matter What matter is, the three states and the kinetic theory, changes of state, elements, compounds and mixtures, and how to choose and carry out filtration, crystallisation, distillation, fractional distillation, separating funnel, chromatography, sublimation and magnetic separation.
  2. Atomic Structure Atoms and elements, Dalton's theory, protons/neutrons/electrons, atomic and mass number, isotopes, relative atomic mass, electronic configuration and ions.
  3. Periodic Table How the periodic table is organised (blocks, groups, periods), how electronic configuration gives an element's group and period, and the Period 3 trends WAEC tests every year.
  4. Chemical Bonding How atoms join together: ionic (electron transfer), covalent (sharing), dative (one atom gives both electrons) and metallic bonding, with the properties WAEC tests. 🎥 1 video
  5. Mole Concept The mole and Avogadro's number, converting between mass, moles and particles, and finding empirical and molecular formulae, with WAEC worked examples.
  6. Stoichiometry Balancing equations, mole ratios, the 4-step method for reacting masses, the limiting reagent and percentage yield, with WAEC worked examples.
  7. Gas Laws The kinetic theory of gases, Boyle's law, Charles's law, the pressure law, the general gas equation and molar volume at s.t.p. and r.t.p., with WAEC worked examples.
  8. Acids, Bases & Salts Three definitions of acids and bases, strong vs weak, basicity, oxides, the pH scale and pH sums, indicators, titration with a WAEC worked example, types of salts, solubility rules, salt preparation and hydrolysis. 🎥 1 video
  9. Volumetric Analysis Apparatus and standard solutions, how to carry out and record a titration, concordant titres, and the calculations WAEC asks for: concentration, mass concentration, percentage purity and water of crystallisation. 🎥 1 video
  10. Electrolysis & Redox Oxidation and reduction, oxidising and reducing agents, oxidation numbers, half-equations, electrolysis of molten and aqueous electrolytes, preferential discharge, Faraday's laws with worked examples, electroplating and the Daniell cell. 🎥 1 video
  11. Rates of Reaction & Equilibrium How to measure rate, collision theory and activation energy, the factors that change the rate, catalysts, reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and the Haber and Contact processes. 🎥 3 videos
  12. Metals & Non-metals Properties of metals and non-metals, the reactivity series and displacement, the effect of heat on compounds, extracting iron, aluminium and sodium, rusting and its prevention, alloys, gas tests, hard water and air pollution.
  13. Hydrocarbons Organic chemistry and homologous series, IUPAC naming of hydrocarbons, isomerism, and the preparation, properties and reactions of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, including substitution, addition, tests for unsaturation and polymerisation, for WAEC, NECO and UTME. 🎥 1 video
  14. Alkanols Structure and general formula of alkanols, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, IUPAC naming and isomers, preparation by fermentation and hydration, physical properties, reactions with sodium, oxidation, dehydration and esterification, and the tests used to identify unknown alcohols, for WAEC,
  15. Carboxylic Acids The carboxyl group, naming the alkanoic acids, why they are weak acids, physical properties, preparation by oxidation of ethanol, and reactions with metals, carbonates, bases and alkanols, with the test for the –COOH group, for WAEC, NECO and UTME.
  16. Esters The ester linkage, naming esters, esterification and its conditions, acid and alkaline hydrolysis, properties and uses of esters, fats and oils as esters, saponification and soap-making, how soap cleans, hard water and scum, and soapless detergents and pollution, for WAEC, NECO and UTME.